all very pertinent questions.
Hyperthyroidism occurs due to the "effects of too much thyroid hormone on tissues of the body"
A complete list of causes is outlines at
http://www.endocrineweb.com/hyper2.html
for treatment one can try
Anti-thyroid drugs
Radioactive iodine treatment
Surgery.
again all are explained in detail at
http://www.endocrineweb.com/hyper4.html
another very informative site you can look at is
http://curezone.com/dis/1.asp?C0=843
it lists foods, vegetables and fats that help in hyperthyroidism and also teaches about cleansing the body etc.
worth a read...