Spinal Fusion

What Is Spinal Fusion Surgery?

Spinal fusion surgery (sometimes called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis) combines and immobilizes two or more vertebrae that exhibit abnormal motion.  This surgical procedure is useful for patients with neurological deficits or those experiencing severe back pain that does not respond to other treatment.   

With the patient under general or spinal anesthesia, the orthopedic surgeon relieves the pressure on the nerve roots by removing some of the bone, ligament, and disk material surrounding them.  As part of the fusion process, the surgeon places small pieces of bone (grafted from the patient’s hip or from donor patients) between the affected vertebrae, using larger pieces for immediate structural support.  To ensure immobilization, metal rods and screws hold the bones in place.  In some cases, external bracing or a cast may also be necessary for additional support.  The surgeon finally sutures the wound shut with stitches that either dissolve or must be removed two weeks later.   

Spinal fusion surgery takes approximately 1 to 3 hours to complete.  Once it is over, the patient moves to the recovery room for observation and then to a hospital room.  A catheter inserted into the bladder aids urination as the patient recovers.  Most patients experience pain for the first few days post surgery and receive prescription medication to help control it.  Even after full recovery, less severe pain in the lower back may be persistent.  Patients may need to adopt lifestyle changes, such as weight loss or regular exercise, to ease this pain.  To keep the spine properly aligned, the patient receives instructions on the proper method for turning in bed, repositioning, sitting, standing, and walking.  Some patients may experience a loss of appetite or energy.   

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