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Politics of Costa Rica

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Presidential Republic

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Costa Rica’s current political system dates back to 1949 when the most recent constitution was officially drafted and ratified.  The country is a presidential representative democratic republic, where the president is both head of the state and the head of government.  The president wields all executive power and presides a 12-member cabinet with the assistance of 2 vice presidents 

Costa Rica is divided into 12 provinces - San José, Heredia , Alajuela, Cartago,  Guanacaste, Limón,  and Puntarenas.  Each province is governed by a governor who is appointed by the president.  The provinces are in turn divided into 81 counties, and further split up into 429 districts.  For every 30,000 people, a congressman/woman is elected to the legislative assembly. Costa Rica’s legislative assembly is responsible for appointing the magistrates of the Supreme Court.  These magistrates are appointed for a term of 8 years each.  

Political Parties

The constitution of this medical tourism paradise is based on a multi-party system.  There are a total of more then 30 parties that are active in the democratic process.  In reality however, only two parties have dominated the country’s political landscape, since the country became a republic – the National Liberation Party and the Social Christian Unity Party.  

Elections are taken very seriously in this medical tourism destination.  An official government holiday, election day is marked by plenty of patriotic outbursts and flag waving.  All citizens above the age of 18 are allowed to vote, and each must carry a personal identification card to be presented at the voting booth.  

If there’s one thing that sets Costa Rica’s administration apart from other medical tourism destinations around the world, it’s the lack of an army. There is something called a Fuerza Publica, which is a well armed police force that helps maintain order, as well as defend the country.  But in all other respects, Costa Rica is an incredibly peaceful destination that enjoys low crime.
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